DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具

2022年5月9日08:09:16

DNS服务器软件：：bind，powerdns，dnsmasq，unbound，coredns

BIND相关程序包

  • bind：服务器
  • bind-libs：相关库
  • bind-utils：客户端
  • bind-chroot：安全包，将dns相关文件放至/var/named/chroot/

BIND包相关文件

  • BIND主程序：/usr/sbin/named
  • 服务脚本和Unit名称：/etc/rc.d/init.d/named，/usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service
  • 主配置文件：/etc/named.conf, /etc/named.rfc1912.zones, /etc/rndc.key
  • 管理工具：/usr/sbin/rndc：remote name domain controller，默认与bind安装在同一主机，且 只能通过127.0.0.1连接named进程，提供辅助性的管理功能；953/tcp
  • 解析库文件：/var/named/ZONE_NAME.ZONE

主配置文件

  • 全局配置：options {};
  • 日志子系统配置：logging {};
  • 区域定义：本机能够为哪些zone进行解析，就要定义哪些zone   zone "ZONE_NAME" IN {};

注意：

  • 任何服务程序如果期望其能够通过网络被其它主机访问，至少应该监听在一个能与外部主机通信的 IP地址上
  • 缓存名称服务器的配置：监听外部地址即可
  • dnssec: 建议关闭dnssec，设为no

主配置文件语法检查

named-checkconf

解析库文件语法检查

named-checkzone"magedu.org" /var/named/magedu.org.zone

配置生效

#三种方式
#rndc reload
#systemctl reload named
#service named reload

实现DNS正向主从服务器

实验设备：服务器

　　　　centos8   地址10.0.0.88；centos7  地址10.0.0.77

　　　　　客户端

　　　　centos7 地址10.0.0.7

设置域名：magedu.org

客户端DNS解析:主服务器掉线，自动连接 “从服务器”解析

主服务器配置

1、编辑配置文件 /etc/named.conf

[root@centos8-liyj ~]#vim /etc/named.conf
注释//  图片中蓝色行
添加    allow-transfer { 10.0.0.77;};   #只允许从服务器进行区域传输
DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具

修改

dnssec-enable yes;      #改为no
dnssec-validation yes;  #改为no

DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具





DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具




options {//      listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
        listen-on-v6 port53 { ::1; };
        directory"/var/named";
        dump-file"/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file"/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file"/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        secroots-file"/var/named/data/named.secroots";
        recursing-file"/var/named/data/named.recursing";//      allow-query     { localhost; };
        allow-transfer {10.0.0.77; };/* 
         - If you are building an AUTHORITATIVE DNS server, do NOT enable recursion.
         - If you are building a RECURSIVE (caching) DNS server, you need to enable 
           recursion. 
         - If your recursive DNS server has a public IP address, you MUST enable access 
           control to limit queries to your legitimate users. Failing to do so will
           cause your server to become part of large scale DNS amplification 
           attacks. Implementing BCP38 within your network would greatly
           reduce such attack surface*/
        recursion yes;

        dnssec-enable no;
        dnssec-validation no;

        managed-keys-directory"/var/named/dynamic";

        pid-file"/run/named/named.pid";
        session-keyfile"/run/named/session.key";/*https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/CryptoPolicy*/
        include"/etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/bind.config";
};

logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file"data/named.run";
                severitydynamic;
        };
};

zone"." IN {
        type hint;
        file"named.ca";
};

include"/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include"/etc/named.root.key";




配置文件


2、编辑/etc/named.rfc1912.zones




再最后添加以下内容
zone"magedu.org" IN {
        typer master;
        file"magedu.org.zone";#文件目录，默认/var/named/
};#在named.conf文件中定义了directory  "/var/named";






DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具




// named.rfc1912.zones://// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package//// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones// andhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6303// (c)2007 R W Franks//// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.//// Note: empty-zones-enable yes; option is default.// If private ranges should be forwarded, add// disable-empty-zone "."; into options//// named.rfc1912.zones://// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package//// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones// andhttps://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6303// (c)2007 R W Franks//// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.//// Note: empty-zones-enable yes; option is default.// If private ranges should be forwarded, add// disable-empty-zone "."; into options//
zone"localhost.localdomain" IN {
        type master;
        file"named.localhost";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone"localhost" IN {
        type master;
        file"named.localhost";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone"1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file"named.loopback";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone"1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file"named.loopback";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone"0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file"named.empty";
        allow-update { none; };
};
zone"magedu.org" IN {
        typer master;
        file"magedu.org.zone";
};




named.rfc1912.zones


 3、编辑DNS区域数据库文件




[root@centos8-liyj /etc/named]#cd /var/named/
[root@centos8-liyj /var/named]#ls
datadynamic  named.ca  named.empty  named.localhost  named.loopback  slaves




3.1复制named.localhost文件格式，重新编辑




[root@centos8-liyj /var/named]#cp -p named.localhost magedu.org.zone #-p   复制原格式权限
[root@centos8-liyj /var/named]#ll或者手动修改：chgrp named magedu.org.zone
total20
drwxrwx---2 named named6 Aug252021 data
drwxrwx---2 named named6 Aug252021dynamic
-rw-r-----1 root  named152 Aug252021 magedu.org.zone #文件权限为640 ，强制 属主root，数组named-rw-r-----1 root  named2253 Aug252021 named.ca-rw-r-----1 root  named152 Aug252021 named.empty-rw-r-----1 root  named152 Aug252021 named.localhost-rw-r-----1 root  named168 Aug252021 named.loopback
drwxrwx---2 named named6 Aug252021 slaves






[root@centos8-liyj /var/named]#vim magedu.org.zone

$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  ns1  admin.magedu.org. (0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        NS      ns1#主DNS
        NS      ns2#从DNS
ns1     A10.0.0.88#指向地址
ns2     A10.0.0.77






[root@centos8-liyj /var/named]#systemctl start named#第一次启动
[root@centos8-liyj /var/named]#rndc reload　　　　　　　　　 #不是第一次启动，使用rndc reload 加载 配置文件，不会终端DNS服务
server reload successful
[root@centos8-liyj /var/named]#




主服务器DNS-dig测试




[root@centos8-liyj /var/named]#dig ns1.magedu.org
#本机设置了DNS地址，联通了外网，互联网上由 ns1.magedu.org域名。解析如下
ns1.magedu.org.5    IN    A47.91.170.222#解析出外网地址，
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
　删除本机的DNS地址DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具






[root@centos8-liyj /var/named]#cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0#修改后，删除了DNS地址，重启网卡服务
DEVICE="eth0"
NAME="eth0"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR=10.0.0.88
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.0.0.2
ONBOOT="yes"




DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具




[root@centos8-liyj /var/named]#dig ns1.magedu.org

;<<>> DiG9.11.26-RedHat-9.11.26-6.el8 <<>> ns1.magedu.org
;;global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:23788
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:2, ADDITIONAL:2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version:0, flags:; udp:1232
; COOKIE: a6b5b8d8778a6125c5397a2d626f938979def64920dcc8d5 (good)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns1.magedu.org.            IN    A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns1.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.88

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns1.magedu.org.
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns2.magedu.org.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns2.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.77

;; Query time:0 msec
;; SERVER:127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Mon May0216:17:13 CST2022
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd:135




dig域名测试正确


DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具


 从服务器配置




[root@centos7-liyj ~]#vim /etc/named.conf
注释//


options {
//      listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
//      allow-query     { localhost; };


allow-transfer { none;};       #不允许其他主机进行区域传输


yes改为no


dnssec-enableno;
        dnssec-validationno;


}


DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具




options {//    listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
    listen-on-v6 port53 { ::1; };
    directory"/var/named";
    dump-file"/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
    statistics-file"/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
    memstatistics-file"/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
    recursing-file"/var/named/data/named.recursing";
    secroots-file"/var/named/data/named.secroots";//    allow-query     { localhost; };
    allow-transfer { none; };
masterfile-format text;/* 
     - If you are building an AUTHORITATIVE DNS server, do NOT enable recursion.
     - If you are building a RECURSIVE (caching) DNS server, you need to enable 
       recursion. 
     - If your recursive DNS server has a public IP address, you MUST enable access 
       control to limit queries to your legitimate users. Failing to do so will
       cause your server to become part of large scale DNS amplification 
       attacks. Implementing BCP38 within your network would greatly
       reduce such attack surface*/
    recursion yes;

    dnssec-enable no;
    dnssec-validation no;/* Path to ISC DLV key*/
    bindkeys-file"/etc/named.root.key";

    managed-keys-directory"/var/named/dynamic";

    pid-file"/run/named/named.pid";
    session-keyfile"/run/named/session.key";
};

logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file"data/named.run";
                severitydynamic;
        };
};

zone"." IN {
    type hint;
    file"named.ca";
};

include"/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include"/etc/named.root.key";




配置文件






[root@centos7-liyj ~]#vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 添加以下内容
zone"magedu.org" {
        type slave;
        masters {10.0.0.88;};
         file "slaves/magedu.org.slave";        #文件目录
};


DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具




zone"localhost.localdomain" IN {
    type master;
    file"named.localhost";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone"localhost" IN {
    type master;
    file"named.localhost";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone"1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file"named.loopback";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone"1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file"named.loopback";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone"0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file"named.empty";
    allow-update { none; };
};
zone"magedu.org" {
    type slave;
    masters {10.0.0.88;};
    file"slaves/magedu.org.slave";
};




配置文件






systemctl start named #第一次启动服务
rndc reload #不是第一次启动服务
ls/var/named/slaves/magedu.org.slave#查看区域数据库文件是否生成






[root@centos7-liyj ]#ll /var/named/slaves/
total4
-rw-r--r--1 named named264 May217:06 magedu.org.slave
[root@centos7-liyj ]#cat /var/named/slaves/magedu.org.slave #从服务器 自动生成文件 
boXQ　查看内容乱码，不允许从
    mageduorg6ns1mageduorgadminmageduorgQ    :*0DQ服务器看到配置
                                                     mageduorgns1mageduorgns2mageduorg*Qns1mageduorg 
X*Qns2mageduorg




解决乱码问题：




添加
masterfile-format text;
DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具
重启服务
systemctl restart named




DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具




[root@centos7-liyj /var/named/slaves]#cat /var/named/slaves/magedu.org.slave 
$ORIGIN .
$TTL86400    ;1 day
magedu.org        IN SOA    ns1.magedu.org. admin.magedu.org. (0          ; serial86400      ; refresh (1 day)3600       ; retry (1 hour)604800     ; expire (1 week)10800      ; minimum (3 hours)
                )
            NS    ns1.magedu.org.
            NS    ns2.magedu.org.
$ORIGIN magedu.org.
ns1            A10.0.0.88
ns2            A10.0.0.77




从无服务器magedu.org.slave






DNS gid测试


首先修改 eth0 网卡配置，删除dns地址，添加dns=10.0.0.88




[root@centos7-liyj ~]#cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
DEVICE="eth0"
NAME="eth0"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR=10.0.0.77
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.0.0.2
DNS3=10.0.0.88
ONBOOT="yes"




DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具




[root@centos7-liyj /var/named/slaves]#dig ns2.magedu.org

;<<>> DiG9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 <<>> ns2.magedu.org
;;global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:39354
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:2, ADDITIONAL:2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version:0, flags:; udp:1232
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns2.magedu.org.            IN    A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns2.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.77

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns1.magedu.org.
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns2.magedu.org.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.88

;; Query time:0 msec
;; SERVER:10.0.0.88#53(10.0.0.88)
;; WHEN: Mon May0217:53:49 CST2022
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd:107




域名解析


DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具


 客户端域名解析


修改客户端DNS1 为  10.0.0.88  DNS2为10.0.0.77




[root@centos7-liyj ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
DEVICE="eth0"
NAME="eth0"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR=10.0.0.7
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.0.0.2
DNS1=10.0.0.77
DNS2=10.0.0.88
ONBOOT="yes"




测试，DNS主从服务器都在线


yum install -y bind-utils


DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具




[root@centos7-liyj ~]#dig ns1.magedu.org

;<<>> DiG9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 <<>> ns1.magedu.org
;;global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:26563
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:2, ADDITIONAL:2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version:0, flags:; udp:1232
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns1.magedu.org.            IN    A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns1.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.88

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns1.magedu.org.
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns2.magedu.org.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns2.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.77

;; Query time:0 msec
;; SERVER:10.0.0.88#53(10.0.0.88)
;; WHEN: Mon May0218:04:39 CST2022
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd:107

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#dig ns2.magedu.org

;<<>> DiG9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 <<>> ns2.magedu.org
;;global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:7070
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:2, ADDITIONAL:2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version:0, flags:; udp:1232
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns2.magedu.org.            IN    A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns2.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.77

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns1.magedu.org.
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns2.magedu.org.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.88

;; Query time:0 msec
;; SERVER:10.0.0.88#53(10.0.0.88)
;; WHEN: Mon May0218:04:47 CST2022
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd:107




域名解析


 DNS主服务器掉线




[root@centos8-liyj ~]#systemctl stop named
[root@centos8-liyj ~]#systemctl status named
● named.service- Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS)
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)




客户端解析


DNS软件bind实现DNS服务器_在线工具




[root@centos7-liyj ~]#dig ns2.magedu.org

;<<>> DiG9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 <<>> ns2.magedu.org
;;global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:57974
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:2, ADDITIONAL:2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version:0, flags:; udp:4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns2.magedu.org.            IN    A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns2.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.77

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns2.magedu.org.
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns1.magedu.org.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.88

;; Query time:1 msec
;; SERVER:10.0.0.77#53(10.0.0.77)
;; WHEN: Mon May0218:11:26 CST2022
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd:107

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#dig ns1.magedu.org

;<<>> DiG9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 <<>> ns1.magedu.org
;;global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:3739
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:2, ADDITIONAL:2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version:0, flags:; udp:4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns1.magedu.org.            IN    A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns1.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.88

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns2.magedu.org.
magedu.org.86400    IN    NS    ns1.magedu.org.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns2.magedu.org.86400    IN    A10.0.0.77

;; Query time:1 msec
;; SERVER:10.0.0.77#53(10.0.0.77)
;; WHEN: Mon May0218:11:37 CST2022
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd:107




正常解析额

			


						
									
						
				
									



	

				
				
			

				

		
		
	


	




									

	
	
    
		
  • 
		作者：goodbay说拜拜 
								
  • 
		原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/lyj1023/p/16215909.html
    
			    更新时间：2022年5月9日08:09:16 ，共 12652 字。
    •