使用BufferReader与BufferWriter读写文件

BufferReader与BufferWriter简介
BufferReader与BufferWriter自JDK1.1就已经存在了.
BufferReader的作用是从字符输入流读取文本字符到字符缓冲区中,以便提供对字符、数组和行的高效读取.
BufferWriter的作用是将文本写入字符输出流到字符缓冲区,以便提供对单个字符、数组和字符串的有效写入.

在操作文件时,为了获得最高效率，一般考虑在BufferReader,BufferedWriter中包装OutputStreamWriter，以避免频繁调用字符编码器StreamEncoder的implWrite方法

BufferWriter类中的方法如下

BufferReader类中的方法如下

查看源码可知,BufferReader与BufferWriter默认的字符缓冲区(defaultCharBufferSize )的大小均为8192个字符,一个字符占用两个字节的空间,所以缓冲区的大小是16kb.
BufferWriter类的基本属性如下所示:

//字符输出流privateWriter out;//字符缓冲区privatechar cb[];//设置的字符缓冲区大小变量privateint nChars;//字符缓冲区中的已存储元素的位置privateint  nextChar;//默认字符缓冲区大小privatestaticint defaultCharBufferSize=8192;//行分割字符串privateString lineSeparator;

1.使用BufferWriter写入BufferReader读入的数据示列:

publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args){String inPath="F:\\io_test_file\\test.txt";String outPath="F:\\io_test_file\\mean.txt";try(BufferedReader bufferedReader=newBufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(newFileInputStream(inPath),"UTF-8"));BufferedWriter bufferedWriter=newBufferedWriter(newOutputStreamWriter(newFileOutputStream(outPath),"UTF-8"))){String line=null;LocalDateTime starTime=LocalDateTime.now();while((line= bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
                bufferedWriter.write(line);
                bufferedWriter.flush();}System.out.println("耗时:"+Duration.between(starTime,LocalDateTime.now()).toMillis());}catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();}}

读取的文本文件test.txt的大小是1139kb,但是上面程序执行结果输出的mean.txt的大小是1120kb,原因是如果没有调用newLine()方法,默认是写满文本一行的空间大小后,再换行追加写入,所以,是少了每一行的\r\n两个字符,各占两个字节,共四个字节,即一行会少四个字节大小的空间.

2.然后我验证了一下,在write(line)方法中拼接\r\n进行写入后,发现mean.txt文本的大小与test.txt的文本大小一致了.

publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args){String inPath="F:\\io_test_file\\test.txt";String outPath="F:\\io_test_file\\mean.txt";try(BufferedReader bufferedReader=newBufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(newFileInputStream(inPath),"UTF-8"));BufferedWriter bufferedWriter=newBufferedWriter(newOutputStreamWriter(newFileOutputStream(outPath),"UTF-8"))){String line=null;LocalDateTime starTime=LocalDateTime.now();while((line= bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
                bufferedWriter.write(line+"\r\n");
                bufferedWriter.flush();}System.out.println("耗时:"+Duration.between(starTime,LocalDateTime.now()).toMillis());}catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();}}

3.再去掉2中拼接的\r\n后,在写入方法write(line)方法的后面调用BufferWrite()的newLine()方法,得到的mean.txt文本的大小也与test.txt文本的大小一致.

publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args){String inPath="F:\\io_test_file\\test.txt";String outPath="F:\\io_test_file\\mean.txt";try(BufferedReader bufferedReader=newBufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(newFileInputStream(inPath),"UTF-8"));BufferedWriter bufferedWriter=newBufferedWriter(newOutputStreamWriter(newFileOutputStream(outPath),"UTF-8"))){String line=null;LocalDateTime starTime=LocalDateTime.now();while((line= bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
                bufferedWriter.write(line);
                bufferedWriter.newLine();
                bufferedWriter.flush();}System.out.println("耗时:"+Duration.between(starTime,LocalDateTime.now()).toMillis());}catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();}}

注:实例采用的是字符流的方式读入写入的方式,对于文本文件是不存在文件读写出错的,一旦采用上面的字符读写方式区操作word就不行了,有两个原因,一个是word的编码是UTF-16,二是处理要求二进制格式，就不可能用字符流而必须是字节流。